PDF Properties
Using a custom set of XML tags inside your HTML, you can insert both custom metadata as well as instructions for how the PDF would be viewed in a PDF viewer application (subject of course to that application supporting those features).
Options
You use the (optional) tag <pdfproperties> and within that tag you
can insert <metainfo> and <pdfpreferences>
sections as shown in the instructions below. Within the
<metainfo> tag, you can add <prop> tags
with @name, @value attribute pairs with the data you wish
to store in the PDF metadata. Anything without one of the recognized, standard PDF
names (author, title, subject,
creator, keywords) are stored in custom metadata in
the PDF.
The <pdfpreferences> section allows you to insert one or more
<pref> tags with specific @name,
@value pairs that control the way the resulting PDF is displayed
with a viewer that supports standard PDF view attributes. The support
name, @value pairs are listed below and grouped into
all the available categories:
General PDF Options
These options let you control some general information about the generated PDF.
bookmarks - sets whether PDF bookmarks are generated or not. The default
is "false" for Cloudformatter. You can set @value to "true" if you want
bookmarks in PDF. Note that bookmarks are only generated for interpreted
hierarchical information. All h1 elements and there following
h2 elements and so on. Skipping levels will break the sequence and
the bookmarks will not be correct.
pdf-version - sets the PDF version number. The default is version 1.5
for Cloudformatter but you set @value to values like "1.3", "1.4",
"1.6" or "1.7" if you wish to change the version. Be aware thar some other features
could be disabled by setting the version too low.
compress - sets whether the PDF is compressed or not. The default is
"true" for Cloudformatter. You can set @value to "false" if you want
uncompressed PDF.
linearize - sets whether the PDF is linearized or not. The default is
"false" for Cloudformatter. You can set @value to "true" if you want to
optimize a long PDF for web view.
PDF View Options
These options let you control how the PDF when opened appears to the end user.
view-mode - Choose from one of the following:
auto- If there are bookmarks in the document, the bookmarks pane is displayed. Otherwise, all auxiliary panes are hidden.show-none- All auxiliary panes are hidden.show-bookmarks- The bookmarks pane is displayed.show-thumbnails- The thumbnails pane is displayed.full-screen- The document is displayed in full screen-mode.
initial-zoom - Choose from one of the following:
auto- Page scaling is not specified.fit- The page is scaled to fit completely into the view port.fit-width- The page is scaled so that its width matches the width of the view port.fit-height- The page is scaled so that its height matches the height of the view port.###or####%- The page is scaled by the number or percentage specified.
page-layout - Choose from one of the following:
auto- Uses settings of viewer application.single-page- Displays one page at a time.continuous- Displays pages continuously in one column.two-columns-left- Displays pages continuously in two columns, with odd-numbered pages to the left.two-columns-right- Displays pages continuously in two columns, with odd-numbered pages to the right.two-pages-left- Displays pages in two columns, by two pages at a time, with odd-numbered pages to the left.two-pages-right- Displays pages in two columns, by two pages at a time, with odd-numbered pages to the right.
viewer-preferences - A comma separated list of the following
possibilities:
hide-toolbar- Hides the viewer application's tool bars when the document is active.hide-menubar- Hides the viewer application's menu bar when the document is active.hide-window-ui- Hides user interface elements in the document's window (such as scroll bars and navigation controls), leaving only the document's contents displayed.fit-window- Resizes the document's window to fit the size of the first displayed page.center-window- Positions the document's window in the center of the screen.display-document-title- Controls whether the window's title bar displays the document title taken from the "title" metadata field.
PDF Security
These options allow you to specify owner and user security in the PDF output. User-level security can inject a password to be used to open the PDF, while owner-level security can control what can be done with the PDF (like printing it or copying the data from it).
userpassword - Sets the user password that must be entered to view the
PDF. There are no options, the @value passed is the password to be
used.
ownerpassword - Sets the owner password that must be entered to enable
advanced processing of the PDF. There are no options, the @value passed
is the password to be used. An ownerpassword is used to lock down certain privledges
that an owner will grant to a recipient of the PDF. Without the owner password,
recipients can be restricted from certain things. By default they are restricted
from everything, and you can then specify what additional things you allow by using
userpriviledges.
userpriviledges - A comma separated list of the following
possibilities:
print- Enables printing the document.modify- Enables editing the document.copy- Enables copying text and images from the document to the clipboard.annotate- Enables adding notations to the document and changing the field values.
PDF Pre-Press Options
These allow you to specify crop marks, bleeds and registration marks to be applied to the PDF.
crop-offset - specify offsets from the meaningful content on the page to
the edges of the physical media (/MediaBox entry in the PDF page dictionary). Its
value is a series of 1 to 4 length specifiers that set offsets from the edges of the
page area to the corresponding edges of the /MediaBox. Rules for expanding the value
are the same as for the padding property in CSS.
bleed - specify the bleeds — an extra space around the page area into
which the contents of the page may protrude (/BleedBox entry in the PDF page
dictionary). Its value is a series of 1 to 4 length specifiers that set offsets from
the edges of the page area to the corresponding edges of the /BleedBox. Rules for
expanding the value are the same as for the padding property in CSS.
crop-mark-width - defines line width for the crop marks, setting it to 0
disables drawing of crop marks.
bleed-mark-width - defines line width for the bleed marks, setting it to
0 disables drawing of bleed marks.
printer-mark - specify additional SVG images to be drawn in the offset
area surrounding the page (specified by crop-offset and bleed parameters). Printer
marks are clipped to the outside of the bleed rectangle. The @value is
a URL to an SVG you have. This sample has two URLs (one for a colorbar and one for a
registration mark) you can also use if you like.
The following code is what is behind this page for producing the PDF. Of course, you would only see the things supported by your PDF viewer you use. If you wish to see them all in action, then use "download" and Adobe Reader to view the PDF.
Recent changes in some browsers will not treat this XML as XML. Instead it tries (incorrectly) to not close tags. For best results, be sure to use open and close tags and not a self-closing tag.
<pdfproperties style="display:none;">
<metainfo>
<prop name="author" value="Xportability LLC"></prop>
<prop name="title"
value="Xportability Cloudformatter: Showing Custom
PDF Properties"></prop>
<prop name="subject" value="A Cloudformatter Document"></prop>
<prop name="creator" value="css2pdf@cloudformatter.com"></prop>
<prop name="keywords" value="CSS, PDF, Cloudformatter"></prop>
<prop name="custom1" value="value1"></prop>
<prop name="custom2" value="value2"></prop>
<prop name="custom3" value="value3"></prop>
<prop name="custom4" value="value4"></prop>
</metainfo>
<pdfpreferences>
<pref name="bookmarks" value="true"></pref>
<pref name="pdf-version" value="1.6"></pref>
<pref name="view-mode" value="auto"></pref>
<pref name="initial-zoom" value="fit-height"></pref>
<pref name="page-layout" value="two-columns-left"></pref>
<pref name="viewer-preferences" value="display-document-title"></pref>
<pref name="crop-offset" value="0.5in"></pref>
<pref name="crop-mark-width" value="1px"></pref>
<pref name="printer-mark"
value="http://www.cloudformatter.com/Resources/Images/registration.svg"></pref>
<pref name="printer-mark"
value="http://www.cloudformatter.com/Resources/Images/colorbar.svg"></pref>
</pdfpreferences>
</pdfproperties>
Sample Output H2
Dolor diam et labore augue diam sit suscipit et diam sadipscing. Diam et nonumy sed consetetur molestie sanctus dolores et voluptua clita amet kasd tincidunt. Dolores euismod stet no suscipit vero diam kasd. Luptatum sea et sed vero laoreet ipsum ut autem sea amet justo magna nulla amet gubergren amet stet. Et ipsum et eos. Nisl volutpat erat accusam sed ipsum tempor gubergren minim elitr quod et quis sed consetetur sit sed nonummy. Lorem sed kasd vel invidunt ad lorem feugait clita diam justo illum consetetur est feugiat sanctus. Quod duis at et delenit cum et nonumy lorem dolores rebum accusam molestie.
At invidunt dolor diam kasd sit elitr sea feugiat dolor kasd et nulla iriure lorem sed ipsum. Eos nibh consequat ipsum diam diam at liber nonummy eirmod dolore tempor sit elitr lorem vulputate no sea invidunt. Erat et eleifend molestie sit ipsum dolores labore luptatum zzril lorem nonumy et lorem delenit sed. Et dolor sed cum diam nonumy est ipsum vero sed. Kasd ipsum amet et elitr. Nostrud odio voluptua stet sanctus et facilisi.
Sample Output H3
Et eirmod accusam. Lorem sed gubergren no invidunt clita sea ea est dolore amet in eos autem quod sit enim. Ut vel dignissim et sadipscing sit erat commodo nulla est eros invidunt nonumy sit sed consequat tempor sit sanctus. Dolor dolore gubergren. Tation nonumy eleifend placerat et diam ipsum sed iriure et congue vero dolor enim ut nonummy nulla cum. Et sed dolor sadipscing amet aliquyam et takimata commodo.
Dignissim voluptua ea tation sed iusto sit diam enim aliquyam ut. In takimata dolor ipsum ipsum lorem consetetur. Ipsum in vero amet. Tempor dolor suscipit clita eu consequat enim imperdiet accusam dolor erat in in labore dolore in feugiat. Nonumy ea sanctus gubergren. Et sed duo. Eirmod dolor duo voluptua lorem cum exerci. Takimata magna dolore invidunt erat accumsan vero accusam dolor ea nonummy dolore cum stet eirmod et sea.
Sample Output H4
Sit amet kasd aliquyam dolores zzril. Stet kasd lorem et. Diam sit sanctus et autem dolor lorem iriure nostrud magna et. Sed erat vero ipsum elitr dolor nonumy justo amet esse minim praesent ipsum sit eirmod hendrerit. Kasd stet dolores elitr te vulputate amet duis diam tation vero no sea accusam.
Ut dolor et sed at eirmod feugiat quod dolor sanctus dolore velit diam at consetetur sed sed ipsum ipsum. Est labore vel dolore erat at. Molestie suscipit gubergren labore et consequat euismod rebum amet volutpat ipsum tempor et option elitr sed eirmod. Liber nam et amet voluptua autem stet sed aliquyam consequat duo ut illum stet stet invidunt gubergren. Sea sed justo sea dolore amet amet et magna dolor at eirmod rebum euismod diam erat mazim duo. Suscipit erat eu accusam vero sit elitr commodo sed autem dolore gubergren invidunt ipsum ipsum dolore sanctus. Nonumy diam est est gubergren blandit et vel elitr et vulputate ipsum lorem hendrerit dolor. Vero euismod duis vero. Kasd eirmod eum eum sit at autem hendrerit consectetuer euismod dolore erat. Dolor hendrerit ea option justo kasd sit nonumy ut. Takimata vel sadipscing dolor rebum invidunt lorem ullamcorper est eu lorem ea.
Sample Output H4
Tempor nonummy sanctus nulla dolor feugiat consetetur amet amet elitr elitr tation tempor vero sadipscing sit est et consequat. Nonumy clita exerci aliquyam. Ut et et vero option in sed accusam sanctus. Elitr sanctus consetetur tincidunt erat quod clita amet volutpat vulputate nonumy sit euismod amet lorem. Lorem consectetuer accusam et kasd et at kasd nostrud sit at hendrerit invidunt commodo. Vulputate dolore ipsum sit sit sanctus amet sanctus voluptua voluptua clita tempor takimata sadipscing sit.
Accusam eirmod minim rebum et invidunt diam eos aliquyam. Et soluta enim dolor autem eos diam luptatum justo nonumy amet facilisi labore lorem et rebum sadipscing accusam dolore. Amet dolore cum vero duo dolore ut et. Sit doming feugiat et aliquyam aliquyam eos feugait lobortis adipiscing duis dolore voluptua. Sit assum illum et. Eirmod justo gubergren et laoreet rebum ea et ipsum amet eos minim tempor quod voluptua eos clita. Takimata eirmod vero tempor dignissim lobortis facilisi eleifend dolores.
Sample Output H3
Et blandit tempor clita diam consetetur iusto tempor. Dolor accusam rebum facilisis vero eos illum et. Takimata vel feugait takimata ipsum dolore et blandit dignissim lorem et eos. Imperdiet in hendrerit et ut invidunt justo sadipscing option odio clita molestie dolor est eos dolor clita sanctus. Facilisi eirmod feugiat takimata ut et et erat rebum gubergren sadipscing tincidunt esse diam exerci at.
Elitr vulputate amet dolor et sea ea takimata. Sit lorem sadipscing dignissim et tation consetetur et tempor duo magna. Euismod et esse eos duo takimata. Ut sed voluptua dolore option eirmod esse et ea te duo volutpat consetetur imperdiet ipsum accumsan diam et. Ut stet elitr dolor dolore takimata sed elitr praesent illum lobortis mazim dignissim. Dolores iusto amet et eos consetetur sanctus et gubergren. Magna justo et accusam consetetur et ipsum gubergren sit kasd suscipit labore. Et aliquam aliquam accusam diam tempor et elitr dolor. Labore tempor vero sea ipsum est sed dolores eleifend lorem eum accusam et.
Sample Output H4
Sed rebum dignissim clita elitr sea dolore illum consetetur assum justo invidunt dolor et dolore. Diam nulla ullamcorper dolore nostrud lorem. Nonumy lorem nonumy consetetur est aliquyam dolor qui zzril sit magna. In illum rebum gubergren et dolor quod erat. Ut duo odio sit duo diam feugiat elitr eos diam augue clita autem. Takimata dolor rebum voluptua assum ipsum labore ex vero kasd sadipscing nam ea vero dignissim. Dolore justo et diam. Eirmod ut sadipscing liber lorem eirmod. Dolor duo dolor rebum kasd sanctus eos sea vero eros.
Cum lorem sadipscing erat eros clita. Lorem sanctus amet ut vel. Nisl ea dolor duo odio esse dolor dolor sed invidunt euismod at aliquyam dolore at amet eum. Qui rebum eum placerat diam consetetur vero esse no sea et sanctus dolor dolor elitr elitr nonumy laoreet. Lobortis ipsum eos in eirmod sit. Vulputate cum nihil sit ut nisl no elitr clita. Nostrud et laoreet exerci consetetur est consetetur diam gubergren dolor labore aliquam dolore. Tation erat sit eirmod. Feugiat in sanctus erat rebum at assum eirmod feugait dolore ea aliquyam euismod diam euismod consequat vero ipsum magna. Dolore rebum clita sanctus amet magna rebum ut suscipit duis tempor takimata et diam. Molestie sed accusam sea et sanctus dolores invidunt sanctus et ipsum facer eu diam no labore.
Sample Output H4
Ullamcorper eos dolor consectetuer amet. Et te blandit. Magna labore elitr te voluptua vero sanctus sed tempor amet lorem placerat consequat sadipscing diam. Possim sed dolores. Et erat sanctus iriure amet aliquyam dolor. Clita invidunt at facer eirmod et est in lorem aliquyam rebum accumsan et justo ipsum justo. Duo et at tempor stet stet elitr. Et ea dolor at wisi ea sit diam praesent amet amet accusam vero. Rebum nonumy duis sed no exerci facilisis autem magna dolore est.
Diam nisl dolor lorem iriure et sit ea est ipsum kasd lobortis elit dolor diam lorem vero magna congue. Eu sed tempor nonummy justo lorem ea duo elitr labore accusam vero elitr eirmod est nonumy et aliquyam. Velit illum nonumy sed tempor. Elitr eros et iriure. Takimata labore sanctus commodo stet stet qui eirmod option in nobis sed takimata et magna erat. Et dolor tempor facilisis sed vero vero exerci sadipscing duo.
More Sample Output H2
Diam sanctus vulputate vero no diam ut sit takimata. Sadipscing justo amet. Eirmod et lorem eu takimata est ut feugiat. Nostrud velit esse erat sed et diam tempor consetetur qui duis ut. Diam lorem sed elitr quod est dolore est eirmod exerci erat ipsum tempor consequat sed at. Sit eirmod et dolor. Odio hendrerit duis aliquyam ea ea esse ipsum ut consequat elitr sed erat amet amet ea et aliquyam. Gubergren no sed no dolore ipsum rebum blandit vero dolore eos aliquyam. Stet zzril gubergren sadipscing diam rebum invidunt duo praesent accusam justo nihil sanctus diam elitr sed. Dolor amet tation dolores molestie erat in magna. Laoreet est consectetuer sit ea iriure est.
Quis et nulla ut et. Amet veniam justo magna clita. Sit et nulla lorem invidunt et et gubergren et erat ut clita ullamcorper ullamcorper magna sit et vero diam. Takimata nonummy augue takimata ut sed blandit quis in amet soluta lorem justo ut. Enim elitr magna aliquyam takimata dolore facilisi sadipscing illum feugiat elit sit dolor autem.
Sample Output H3
Facilisis sit tempor duo justo vero clita stet no accusam consetetur justo rebum vel et sadipscing dolore sadipscing. Gubergren sed vel et sadipscing erat ea sed duis vero. Sea et dolor accusam nonumy sea dolore et id sed accusam et accusam ea est. Sed sed no lorem rebum ut et labore. Lorem takimata tation justo erat. Nulla tation enim rebum erat dolor no ut minim. Sadipscing luptatum dolor eirmod takimata eos ipsum velit aliquyam diam eirmod dolor tempor. Accumsan lorem clita takimata cum sit et justo diam gubergren dolore gubergren et suscipit voluptua. Dignissim nisl enim no lorem ut hendrerit sit diam aliquyam ipsum tempor esse erat voluptua justo. Ipsum at rebum erat invidunt dolor clita sanctus et. Dolore vulputate dolor autem luptatum clita blandit volutpat lorem vero.
Dolor et luptatum et magna eu invidunt wisi ipsum dolore ad. Kasd erat diam justo et sit ipsum molestie labore stet dolore takimata dolor et vero at. Facilisis dolor nibh sanctus dolor lobortis eirmod dolore nonumy dolor dolore et clita hendrerit et amet accusam est ea. Amet dolor dolor et elitr exerci no delenit nostrud aliquam facer sanctus gubergren autem in sadipscing et ipsum. Voluptua feugait iusto ad lorem lorem ut amet odio amet. Et duis eirmod gubergren velit.
Sample Output H4
Lobortis rebum voluptua amet ut accusam praesent sanctus id no. Ipsum invidunt clita consequat sit iriure diam euismod. Ipsum sit et sed esse tempor veniam ea consetetur erat sit gubergren et iusto gubergren. Consequat ad justo amet clita dolor te at diam cum lorem dolor. Et rebum esse kasd amet vulputate accusam vero dolor euismod dolor et sit stet diam exerci. Et amet dolor ipsum magna voluptua et sadipscing autem. Elitr duis ut invidunt zzril sit.
Lorem erat ipsum. Dolore labore dolore velit sed feugiat eum gubergren ut enim esse lorem et. Amet eos nisl lorem enim duo est lorem erat in eum in eirmod aliquyam sanctus labore et. Congue ut dignissim erat ea amet ut diam duo sit commodo sadipscing rebum invidunt dolor nihil. Nisl eum vel vel magna eu sed eum feugait ipsum ut hendrerit rebum est sit kasd ut adipiscing. Dolores accusam sea nulla duo feugiat blandit nonumy eirmod est nulla gubergren molestie gubergren dolores erat. Voluptua congue erat euismod eros suscipit at sed lorem vel.
Sample Output H4
Eleifend feugiat diam clita velit magna sed. Ut eu et dolore diam diam eirmod dolore consetetur et. Duis est quis tincidunt te et lorem diam adipiscing praesent duo duo amet augue. Nisl vero lorem exerci dolor nonumy diam duo dolore. Sed eirmod esse amet duo consetetur et dolores dolore nibh exerci. Takimata aliquyam accusam lorem et elitr dolor dolor rebum at dolores rebum ipsum dolor duis lorem invidunt et. Diam invidunt dolor sit sed nonumy nonumy amet iriure eirmod amet stet. Invidunt luptatum praesent sea eirmod ipsum est labore et nonumy suscipit justo accusam et duo accusam minim at dolore. Takimata et eirmod sanctus stet elitr nibh dolor at vero consequat stet amet aliquyam nonumy volutpat elit nonumy. Tempor dolores vel magna diam kasd ipsum takimata labore ipsum sit voluptua stet justo ipsum aliquyam stet stet eum. Sit tempor ipsum no feugiat tation te sea at vero vel.
No consetetur consetetur hendrerit diam facer at luptatum invidunt autem dolore aliquyam. Dolores amet placerat lorem ea elitr labore dolor velit blandit. In molestie et commodo justo eleifend dolor takimata lorem et diam at te nostrud eos et et. Gubergren sed sed erat duo no ea. Nibh magna vero in ad nonumy consetetur erat augue euismod erat clita kasd nisl. Ut vel ea ipsum accusam sit sea sed aliquam sit sit rebum ut takimata clita kasd diam sit tempor. Kasd ut quis luptatum ipsum rebum magna clita dolores justo et sit takimata tempor dolores nisl lorem kasd consetetur.
Sample Output H3
Nonumy est in ad voluptua commodo et amet sadipscing tempor consetetur eos feugiat sadipscing accusam magna. Amet takimata et imperdiet vero magna erat enim est est nonumy sed. Lorem takimata volutpat sanctus et imperdiet tempor ut et dolor te kasd vero esse imperdiet. Dolor sadipscing dolor erat. Gubergren tempor vero vulputate ea feugait nihil lorem possim clita. In magna aliquip tempor est iusto et iriure sadipscing dolor erat gubergren accusam adipiscing sit iriure. Est no kasd sadipscing in odio sadipscing justo consetetur. Takimata ipsum no invidunt eleifend et minim nonumy elitr et gubergren et at accusam eos in.
Sed labore est ipsum stet dolor erat adipiscing sit. Lorem consetetur nulla volutpat clita et luptatum velit soluta clita ipsum te diam dolore quod clita in. Et accumsan dolor stet augue erat. No sed sadipscing diam clita sed justo. Eos nonumy dolore consetetur tation gubergren accusam hendrerit dolore at rebum duo dolor at vel dolor. At sit ipsum vel justo tempor minim sea in ipsum amet eos zzril diam dolore aliquyam sed. Elitr dolore invidunt erat iusto eum invidunt et aliquam rebum stet sed. Labore diam esse tempor stet dolor iusto lorem duo. Et ut takimata diam zzril justo invidunt sanctus eirmod sea duo dolor diam duis. Magna soluta no commodo vel et ipsum sit duo.
Sample Output H4
Voluptua ipsum sea nibh ut erat vero. Ipsum consetetur eleifend eirmod possim dolor molestie dolore at labore vel eleifend stet nonumy no. Invidunt dolore at aliquip justo justo justo. Et dolor sadipscing dolore et. Magna duo amet sit enim blandit vero rebum justo. Amet rebum laoreet ex option euismod odio tempor diam dolor. Vero consetetur in diam molestie quod feugait voluptua facilisi no odio sit erat. Ut sanctus clita eum in commodo et duis erat vero. Kasd duo et et diam sanctus est sit sed dolor et dolore kasd magna no ipsum elitr stet. At stet sadipscing duo rebum voluptua quod minim.
Dolores euismod rebum quis consequat justo dolore dolor. Delenit lorem consequat ea tempor ea. Feugiat dolor clita vel tempor magna ex sed adipiscing elitr et amet sed et nobis dolore labore sit. Soluta diam kasd takimata clita nisl. No ut dolor. Consectetuer est wisi ipsum euismod elitr sit iusto vel tempor erat. Erat euismod magna. Et commodo stet sed eu ipsum aliquyam. Labore dignissim diam eleifend erat sed accusam. No elitr diam.
Sample Output H4
At ullamcorper gubergren quis clita sit diam vero diam dolore delenit consequat facilisis lorem at. Dignissim et labore elitr dolores justo et wisi erat in sed. Erat facilisi molestie amet facilisis tation amet elitr ipsum consectetuer liber iriure. Gubergren consetetur magna erat amet labore. Wisi ea quod aliquip amet vel eirmod est lorem quis. Dolor consequat vero. Dolores sed ea accusam diam vero consequat consequat et est facilisi sit et ut dolore labore blandit.
Amet nulla lorem est eirmod invidunt at consetetur. Vero feugait ipsum ipsum lorem dolore sit erat et erat consetetur clita dolore ipsum ut sit esse. Facilisi ad et eu elitr vero eos at lorem ea vero eros ut dolore aliquyam sit facilisis. Dolor no aliquip consetetur kasd consequat dolor ipsum sit duis duo magna in sea. Elitr aliquip nostrud ipsum at dolores rebum no vero et sed sanctus ut consetetur clita magna qui diam. Amet ipsum tation erat et invidunt sed sit no erat sanctus volutpat ullamcorper ea nibh elitr. Esse ipsum delenit kasd et sit ut at illum lorem. Te odio feugiat amet quis ea eu molestie amet et sea kasd vel eu ipsum aliquyam ex et.